Carel van SchaikAnthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; E-mail: vschaik@aim.unizh.ch
Carel van Schaik is interested in social evolution and cognitive evolution in primates. He often takes a comparative approach, but the mainstay is fieldwork. Since 1976, he has studied wild primates in all continents, with a strong focus on Indonesia. He currently works is on orangutan socioecology and conservation biology and on the evolution of culture and cognition.
Hal WhiteheadDepartment of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J1, Canada; E-mail: hwhitehe@dal.ca
Hal Whitehead carries out field studies of sperm and northern bottlenose whales. His research focuses on their behavior, principally social organization and the transmission of culture among these cetaceans, as well as on their ecology and population biology. He tracks them by passive listening, identifies individuals photographically, and uses acoustics and genetics to study social and population structures. Particular interests are the development of techniques of studying social structure and culture in whales and dolphins.
Peter HenziDepartment of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, UK, UCLAN, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; E-mail: phenzi@uclan.ac.uk
Peter Henzi is a behavioural ecologist who would like to be a biological anthropologist but who has always worked in psychology departments. His work focuses on two broad areas: i) Adaptive individual responses to the constraints of social life and its relationship to population ecology; ii) The evolution of social cognition. He has worked in the past on a range of ecological and social topics in vervets, blue monkeys and baboons. His current research investigates economic behaviour, on the one hand, and sexual conflict and social evolution, on the other, in both baboons and vervet monkeys at two South African field sites. All of this work is done with Louise Barrett and some with Ronald Noë. He also has empirical interests in the physical/physiological aspects of savannah occupancy by baboons (thermoregulation; quadrupedal gait) as well as in the social dynamics of human children.
Randall S. WellsConservation Science Department, Chicago Zoological Society, c/o Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA; E-mail: rwells@mote.org
Randall Wells coordinates the Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, begun in 1970. Wells received his Ph.D. in Biology from the University of California, Santa Cruz, and he was awarded a Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Since 1989 he has been a Conservation Biologist with the Chicago Zoological Society. Wells serves as the Director of the Center for Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Research for Mote Marine Laboratory. Additionally, he is an Adjunct Professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and at the University of North Carolina, Wilmington. His research program has investigated the behavior, social structure, ecology, health, and population biology of bottlenose dolphins in Florida, with studies focusing on four generations of a locally resident 150-member dolphin community. Current research emphasizes studies of the effects of human activities on coastal dolphins, including boat traffic, fishing activities, human feeding of wild dolphins, and environmental contaminants.
Richard ConnorBiology Department, University of Massachusetts - Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts, USA; E-mail: rconnor@umassd.edu
Richard Connor has worked on bottlenose dolphins in Shark Bay, Western Australia since the mid 1980s. His main interests center on male alliance behavior and the evolution of cooperation and mutualism. He obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in 1990. He was a Woods Hole Postdoctoral fellow (1991-1992), a fellow at the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences (1994-1995) and with the University of Michigan Society of Fellows (1993-1996). Richard has taught at the University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth since 1996.
Louise BarrettSenior Lecturer, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; E-mail: louiseb@liv.ac.uk
Louise Barrett is interested in the behaviour and cognition of both human and non-human primates. She is particularly interested in the ways in which the social world shapes cognition from both a phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspective and, in collaboration with Professor Peter Henzi, she studies baboons, vervet monkeys and human children. Their recent work has been concerned with testing biological market theories of cooperation, life-history processes and maternal investment and the evolutionary socioecology of baboons as a species. In collaboration with Professor Ronald Noë, they are now extending some of this work to vervet monkeys, and most recently, Professor Henzi and she are beginning to investigate the manner in which primate cognition is both embodied and distributed across body and world.
Bernd WürsigMarine Mammal Research Program, Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, 4700 Avenue U, Bldg. 303, Galveston, TX 77551, USA; E-mail: wursigb@tamug.edu
Bernd Würsig studies behavioral ecology of cetaceans, with a special emphasis on behavioral reactions to human presence. He obtained a Ph.D. from the State University of New York at Stony Brook in 1978, for work on bottlenose and dusky dolphins in Argentina. He then served as post-doctoral researcher with the great Kenneth S. Norris, studying social lives of Hawaiian spinner dolphins, 1978-1981. He became an assistant professor at the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories in California in 1981, and a professor at Texas A&M University in 1989. Wursig has published and co-published 115 peer review papers, 45 popular accounts, and five books. He especially enjoys teaching, and 55 past grad students have had him as major advisor. Lately, he has re-vitalized studies of the social strategies of dusky dolphins, and hopes that this field research, based in New Zealand, can last well into his retirement age.
Janet MannDepartment of Psychology and Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O St. NW, Washington DC 20057, USA; E-mail: mannj2@georgetown.edu
Janet Mann is an Associate Professor of Biology and Psychology at Georgetown University in Washington DC, and is currently a fellow at The Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford. She received her B.Sc. from Brown University and her PhD from The University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. Her research focuses on female reproduction and calf development in delphinids through longitudinal study of Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins. Her project, the Dolphin Mother-Infant Behavioral Ecology Project, initiated in 1988, includes over 100 calves born to ~70 mothers. Specifically, she is interested in why delphinids have such slow life histories, why females invest substantially in each calf, why female (and calf) variation in foraging and social strategies are so markedly diverse, and what factors predict female reproductive success. Recent research has focused on social transmission of tool-use with marine sponges and other specialised foraging techniques. She also manages the long-term data for the Dolphins of Shark Bay Research Project with the goal of building an integrated relational database for processing and analyzing demographic, reproductive, genetic, ecological, behavioral and acoustic data.
Gen Yamakoshi Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University, 46 Yoshida-Shimoadachicho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; E-mail: yamakoshi@jambo.africa.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Gen Yamakoshi is an Associate Professor of Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies at Kyoto University. Since 1992, he has been studying ecology of a chimpanzee community at Bossou, Guinea. His research topics were: local variation of social structure among chimpanzee populations, feeding ecology and seasonal changes in diet, ecological and nutritional function of complex feeding techniques, e.g. tool use. With those data, he tried to reconstruct evolutionary scenarios of great apes feeding techniques and tool use with reference to evolution of intelligence. Recently, He is mostly interested in historical and sociological aspects of chimpanzee conservation at Bossou, where 2000 or more people and a group of chimpanzees are sharing a typical rural and agricultural landscape with a mosaic of sacred groves, fallows with various grades of regeneration status, farmlands, and savannas.
Michael KrützenAnthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; E-mail: michael.kruetzen@aim.unizh.ch
Michael Krützen is a senior lecturer at the Anthropological Institute and Museum at the University of Zurich in Switzerland, where he is currently heading a group working on all aspects of molecular ecology of primates and cetaceans. He is interested in molecular studies of social structure, in particular cooperation among males and reproductive success, population genetics, and social learning and cultural transmission in both primates and cetaceans. Krutzen obtained his Ph.D. from the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia in 2002, for investigations of social structure of bottlenose dolphins in Shark Bay, Western Australia.
Michael A. HuffmanPrimate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan; E-mail: huffman@pri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Michael A. Huffman is an Associate Professor of Section of Ecology and a Director of Field Research Center at Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University. His main areas of current interest lie in the field of primate behavioral ecology, in particular primate-parasite ecology, the behavioral measures primates have evolved to counter the negative affects of parasitism and the role of social learning in passing on and modifying these behavioral strategies according to inter-regional differences. He is interested in the evolution of diet selection and the role of food as medicine throughout the animal kingdom. Primates are not alone in this capacity to fend off parasites and pathogens via the ingestion or topical application of plant secondary compounds. An understanding of these behaviors and the selective pressures that drive them, promises to deepen our understanding of this important yet little understood phenomena.
Denise L. HerzingWild Dolphin Project and Department of Biological Sciences, 777 Glades Road, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA; E-mail: wdpdenise@earthlink.net
Denise Herzing is the Research Director of the Wild Dolphin Project and has focused her work on the communication system and life history of Atlantic spotted dolphins in the Bahamas. She is Adjunct Assistant Professor in Biological Sciences, and Adjunct Research Professor in Psychological Sciences at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton Florida. She received her doctorate in Behavioral Biology from the Union Institute in 1993 and continues her long-term research on dolphins in the Bahamas focusing on the underwater correlation of sound and behavior. Herzing's major research interest is primarily in intra and interspecies communication systems in cetaceans and other species and has explored these areas in both Hawaii and Greece.
Ronald Noë'Éthologie des Primates, Université Louis-Pasteur, 7 rue de l'Université F-67000 Strasbourg, France; E-mail: noe@neurochem.u-strasbg.fr
Ronald Noë, born at the Netherlands, is a Professor of Department of Psychology at Université Louis Pasteur since 1998. He is also a research associate of the Centre d'Ecologie et Physiologie Energétique, and a senior lecturer of Zoologie, Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität Basel. He tries to develop a theory of 'biological markets': a paradigm that seeks to explain intra-specific cooperation and inter-specific mutualism on the basis of principles borrowed from economics and sexual selection theory. He is interested in the selection of cooperative traits through partner choice and competition among cooperating individuals, as well as in the mechanisms that determine the exchange rate of the commodities traded by cooperating individuals. He also studies economic behaviour of vervet monkeys (Centre de Primatologie, Strasbourg and Loskop Dam Nature Reserve, South-Africa), and behavioural ecology of seven monkey species in the Tai National Park, Ivory Coast.
Masao AmanoInternational Coastal Research Center, Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Otsuchi, Iwate, Japan; E-mail: amano@wakame.ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Masao Amano, a Research Associate at the International Coastal Research Center, Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, has long been working on geographic variation and life history of small odontocetes. Among them, Dall's porpoises had been at the center of his interest and he examined their geographic variation, population structure, life history, and migration pattern. He had used specimens taken by drive, harpoon or other fisheries in Japan, but after the access to those specimens was restricted, he currently pursues specimens from strandings. He is also engaged in an investigation of underwater behavior of some odontocetes using suction-cup attached data loggers.
Juichi YamagiwaLaboratory of Human Evolution, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; E-mail: yamagiwa@jinrui.zool.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Juichi Yamagiwa is interested in social evolution of human and non-human primates. His main interests are in social flexibility and life history tactics of female philopatry species and female dispersal species. He has carried out field studies of Japanese macaques in Yakushima Island, Japan, and gorillas and chimpanzees in various sites of Africa, in order to elucidate socioecological factors influencing intra- and inter-specific variations. His research focuses on socioecology, life history and conservation biology. His current works are on sympatry of gorillas and chimpanzees in both tropical and montane forests.
David LusseauLighthouse Field Station, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, George Street, Cromarty, IV11 8YJ, UK; E-mail: d.lusseau@abdn.ac.uk
He completed his PhD at the University of Otago, New Zealand, working with the southernmost bottlenose dolphin population in the world. He subsequently moved to the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, to work with the northernmost bottlenose dolphin population in the world. He is focussing his work on the ecology and behaviour of long-lived social animals. He is interested in understanding how environmental variability, both natural and anthropogenic, influences their behavioural and population ecology. He is particularly working on the dynamics of social interactions in these species using an inter-disciplinary approach. He is applying tools that have been developed to quantify the dynamics of complex adaptive systems in physical and social sciences to try understanding how the observed social structure emerges from interactions between individuals.
Michio NakamuraLaboratory of Human Evolution Studies, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; E-mail:nakamura@jinrui.zool.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Michio Nakamura is an assistant professor at Laboratory of Human Evolution Studies, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University. He has been conducting research on wild chimpanzees since 1994 at the Mahale Mts. National Park, Tanzania. He received his Doctor's degree (Science) from Kyoto University in 2001. His main interest is the collective aspect of social grooming of chimpanzees. He discusses that many features of such everyday social gathering of grooming include valuable implications for understanding origin of human sociality. He is also interested in cultural aspects of social behaviors and visited several other long termed chimpanzee study sites such as Budongo (Uganda), Kibale (Uganda), and Bossou (Guinea) in order to compare behaviors among them. He eventually found some social behaviors at other sites that are rare or completely absent at Mahale.
Ben WilsonScottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Lab., Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, Scotland; E-mail: ben.wilson@sams.ac.uk
Ben Wilson's research focuses on the population ecology of small cetaceans and the predator-prey interactions between marine mammals and fish. He started out in Scotland working on the ecology of a coastal population of bottlenose dolphins and then moved to Canada to study the acoustics of fish and their responses to odontocete echolocation. More recently, he has been studying how the foraging tactics of sea lions are modulated by the behavior and characteristics of their prey. His current research in Scotland continues this marine mammal - fish theme and combines field-based studies with lab-based manipulation experiments.
Naofumi NakagawaLaboratory of Human Evolution Studies, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; E-mail: nakagawa@jinrui.zool.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Naofumi Nakagawa an associate professor of Laboratory of Human Evolution Studies, Graduate School of Science at Kyoto University. His area of expertise is primate feeding ecology. He is interested in the influence of food on the social and sexual behavior in primates. His past and current research is ecological research on Japanese Macaques and Patas monkeys.
Leszek KarczmarskiInstitute of Marine Life Sciences, Texas A&M University at Galveston, 4700 Avenue U, Bldg. 303, Galveston, TX 77551, USA; E-mail: karczmal@tamug.edu
Leszek Karczmarski, originally from Poland, is an Associate Research Scientist with Texas A&M University at Galveston, Adjunct Research Scientist with Mote Marine Lab in Sarasota, Florida, and Visiting Lecturer at University of Hawaii at Hilo. His research interest centers on cetacean behavioral ecology, especially: a) delphinid social strategies and how they relate to other known mammalian systems, and b) application of population ecology to current issues in marine mammal conservation. He obtained a Ph.D. from University of Port Elizabeth, South Africa, in 1997, for studies of humpback and bottlenose dolphins along the Eastern Cape coast of South Africa. His post-doctoral research investigated social ecology of spinner dolphins in the remote atolls of far-western Hawai'i, and became a long-term research endeavor that is still ongoing. Karczmarski is especially interested in tropical and subtropical species and habitats, particularly the atoll and island systems of the Pacific, Caribbean, and Indian Ocean, and coastal systems of East Africa.